win: Start crashpad_handler by inheriting connection data to it

Previously, StartHandler() launched the handler process, then connected
over a pipe to register for crash handling. Instead, the initial client
can create and inherit handles to the handler and pass those handle
values and other data (addresses, etc.) on the command line.

This should improve startup time as there's no need to synchronize with
the process at startup, and allows avoiding a call to CreateProcess()
directly in StartHandler(), which is important for registration for
crash reporting from DllMain().

Incidentally adds new utility functions for string/number conversion and
string splitting.

Note: API change; UseHandler() is removed for all platforms.

BUG=chromium:567850,chromium:656800

Change-Id: I1602724183cb107f805f109674c53e95841b24fd
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/400015
Reviewed-by: Mark Mentovai <mark@chromium.org>
32 files changed