[Sampling profiler] Record continued_work sample metadata for Windows

Records work ids along with samples to distinguish which samples came
from which work items (i.e. tasks, user interface event handlers, etc.)
This information will be used to infer coarse work item durations and
from that information, jankiness.

Task id recording takes place while the thread is suspended so must
be implemented in a lockless fashion.

The corresponding Mac implementation will be much more involved so is
deferred to a future CL.

Bug: 851163
Change-Id: I930773de320cb0ce02509c0dd222754722fac2bf
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/1372829
Commit-Queue: Mike Wittman <wittman@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: François Doray <fdoray@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/master@{#622632}
15 files changed